concordance-based data-driven learning activities and learning english phrasal verbs in efl classrooms

in spite of the highly beneficial applications of corpus linguistics in language pedagogy, it has not found its way into mainstream efl. the major reasons seem to be the teachers’ lack of training and the unavailability of resources, especially computers in language classes. phrasal verbs have been shown to be a problematic area of learning english as a foreign language due to their semantic opacity and structural differences between english and learners’ first languages. to examine the pedagogic potentiality of the use of corpus linguistics in the context of efl, the present study aimed at comparing the effect of paper-based data-driven learning (ddl) activities, as a substitute for online ddl activities, with the activities designed based on dictionary entries in terms of their effect on learning phrasal verbs in both short and long run. to this end, the study adopted a quasi-experimental pretest posttest control group design. the analysis of the data collected through an immediate posttest as well as a delayed posttest showed that the ddl activities led to greater improvements by the participants. based on the results of the study, it is argued that paper-based ddl activities can be used effectively in efl classes to enhance learning and help learners to become more autonomous in their learning efforts.